Pavlov s Classical Conditioning And Skinner s Operant...

TaSheena Moore 2/4/2016 PSY 110 Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning and Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience. There are two types of learning, associative learning and cognitive learning. Associative learning occurs when a person or an animal forms a simple association among various stimuli, behaviors, or both. It requires little to no awareness or thought. Cognitive learning refers to understanding, knowing, and anticipating. Our subject today comes from associative learning. There are two types of associative learning. Ivan Pavlov of Russia, discovered classical conditioning, and Edward Thorndike discovered operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is the type of associative learning based on what happens before we respond. It begins with a stimulus that reliably triggers a behavior as a response. Classical conditioning occurs when you learn to associate two different stimuli. There is no behavior involved. The first stimulus that you will encounter is the unconditioned stimulus. Unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus essentially capable of producing a response without any previous learning. That learning is called an unconditioned response. Pavlov conducted a study using dogs. He placed the dogs in a harness and placed a piece of food on their tongue. A tube was placed to carry saliva from the dogs’ mouth to a lever measuring the saliva. Pavlov believed that salivation was an automatic, inherited reflex.Show MoreRelatedEssay Operant Conditioning1743 Words   |  7 PagesIvan Pavlov Classical conditioning is a method used in behavioral studies. It is known as classical because it is the first study of laws of learning/conditioning, It is a learned reaction that you do when evoked by a stimulus. Ivan Pavlov was the scientist who discovered classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov was born in Russia. He lived from 1849 - 1936 . Pavlov’s field of study was physiology and natural science. One of Pavlov’s discoveries was the conditioning of dogs. WhileRead MorePsychological Conditioning and Theories of Behavior1013 Words   |  4 Pagesand measured). Ivan Pavlov, for instance, was researching the digestive systems of dogs and led him to the discovery of classical condition, a way to modify behaviors using conditioned responses. Pavlovs views intrigued American John Watson, who pushed the idea forward in up through the 1950s. Building on these theories, but amending the model with the effects of punishment and reward, B.F. Skinners work had a revolutionary effect on behaviorism, now called operant conditioning (Shiraev, 2010, ppRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1146 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to comprehend B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov theories, it necessary to first describe the matter in which they are derived from, that is learning. â€Å"Learning is any relatively permanent change in behavior produced by an experience.† There are different kinds of ways that people and animals learn. People can adjust the way they learn to the different situations in which they are learning and what they have to learn. One form of learning is known as conditioning. Conditioning stresses the relationshipRead MoreIvan Pavlov s Theory Of Classical Conditioning Essay1349 Words   |  6 PagesIvan Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 in Ryazan Russia. He was a Russian physiologist, and his work lead to the development of the first experimental model of learning: classical conditioning. He began his studies as a theology major, and changed throughout the years to physiology at the University of St. Petersburg. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904 (Psychology History). Ivan Pavlov was a very intelligent man. He was known for working on and experimenting with animalsRead MoreClassical And Operant Conditioning Essay815 Words   |  4 PagesUsing examples of both classical and operant conditioning, discus s the contributions  and limitations of learning theory for the understanding of behaviour (Schacter et al., 2nd Ed, Chapter 6, also see Chapter 1 for historical context)      Learning theory can be summarized as behaviour which shows us how animals and people  respond to a stimulus. This is  incredibly  important  due to the direct impact it has on many features of daily life and how we implement this into our practices, from  the way  educationRead MoreIvan Pavlov, John Watson, And B. F. Skinner1272 Words   |  6 Pagestheory presented by Ivan Pavlov in the early twentieth century. Learning, as defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary, is described as the modification of a behavioral tendency by experience. In psychology terms, learning is often known as a lasting change in behavior as a result of experience. The psychology behind learning became more and more of a focus in the early 1900’s as behaviorism (the theory that human, and animal, behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning) rose to fame upon theRead MoreLearning: Classical Conditioning1132 Words   |  5 Pageshave to go through the process again at a later time. There are three main types of learning are classical conditioning (responding), operant conditioning (acting), and observational learning (observing). It is a nice spring day. A father takes his baby out for a walk. The baby reaches over to touch a pink flower and is badly stung by the bumblebee sitting on the petals. The next day, the baby s mother brings home some pink flowers. She removes a flower from the arrangement and takes it overRead MoreClassical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning1189 Words   |  5 Pagessimilarities between Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning? Many people believe that Classical and Operant are similar. Several people don’t know what the similarities and differences of Classical and Operant are, several people think it is the same learning method, which in this case I’m going to compare and contrast each behavior and give you information about each one, so you could have a better understanding of each method and what they do. Classical and Operant are very similar to eachRead MoreClassical And Instrumental Conditioning And Classical Conditioning Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesIn order to analyse classical and instrumental conditioning, it is required to first define the content from which they are derived from, that is learning. According to Domjan, learning  is  a long lasting change in the process of behaviour involving particular stimuli with or alternately responses that result from previous experiences with those or almost the same stimuli and responses (2009). There are several learning paradigms which take the behaviourist approach, but as previously mentioned thisRead MorePsychodynamic Theories And Discusses Key Elements Of Classical And Operant Conditioning Essay847 Words   |  4 PagesBehaviourist Theories This essay examines behaviourist theories and discusses key elements of classical and operant conditioning. It considers a variety of psychological theorists and profoundly explores their research. Behaviourism refers to a psychological approach which explains human development in terms of how they learn from experience rather than a result of inborn tendencies or higher order thinking. Learning from experience moulds and shapes behaviour and personality. (A2Healthandsocialcarepg84)

Types I and II Diabetes - 1085 Words

There are some diseases people can overcome with the right treatment; however, there are some diseases that are a life long battle even with a treatment. An excellent example is diabetes. There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed in adulthood. Type 1 diabetes is important but it only affects a small amount of the population mainly adolescence while Type 2 diabetes affects a large portion of the population making it more of a priority. The first step into understanding any disease is to find out how it is caused, its onset of symptoms, and finally the cure or treatment for it, but diabetes is one of many diseases without a cure. Diabetes is a life long†¦show more content†¦Treatment of type 2 diabetes primarily involves monitoring of your blood sugar, along with diabetes medications, insulin or both. In order to avoid complications of the diabetes, a healthy lifestyle and diet is important keepi ng and eye on your blood sugar levels are all keys to managing diabetes. In addition, maintaining a healthy weight through a healthy eating and regular physical activities. Healthy eating includes following the food pyramid whiles reducing the intake of salt, sugars and fats. Physical activity may include running on a treadmill, playing basketball or even walking. Even with managing diabetes by taking medicine and living a healthy life style, visiting a doctor regularly is very important to ensure that the diabetes is under control (Ferry). In summation, diabetes is a constant battle with no end. In this current time, diabetes can only be treated but cannot be cured. Diabetes is not a simple disease as there are two types. The two type of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. They both affect two different age groups in the population. Type 1 affects the adolescence and type 2 affects adults in their late years. As with many diseases, the understanding of diabetes is continuous but many f actors are known as how diabetes occurs in the body. With such understanding, diagnosis of diabetes is able to be done properly and the right type of diabetes is also established. By way of diagnosis, the right treatment can beShow MoreRelatedA Nursing Guide For Type I And II Diabetes2290 Words   |  10 PagesA Nursing Guide to Type I and II Diabetes Introduction: Diabetes is a disease in which the body is not able to properly store and utilize glucose. The un-utilized glucose is then left to circulate through the body in the blood stream causing hyperglycemia (Joslin, 2014). There are two main types of diabetes: Type I Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type I) and Type II Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (Type II). In Type I diabetes, the body is not able to produce Insulin, a hormone thatRead MoreCauses of Type I and II Diabetes Essay544 Words   |  3 PagesDiabetes is a group of diseases caused by high blood glucose levels that come from deficiencies in the bodys ability to produce and use insulin. There are a few main causes of diabetes. There’s two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2. In Type 1 diabetes the diagnosis is often made in children and young adults, and was formerly known as juvenile diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is where your body does not produce insulin at all. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabe tes. In type 2 diabetes yourRead MoreDiabetes Research Analysis Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesWhen I started my search, I found numerous sources about diabetes. However, many were irrelevant. Although I had considerable success finding information on diabetes in general, there was often inadequate information specifically concerning type II diabetes. For example, the source would group type II and type I diabetes together when explaining the effects of exercise and diet. The source became a problem because type II diabetes isn’t insulin dependent while type I diabetes is. Although the problemRead MoreEssay on Diabetes898 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that occurs when the body is unable to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose to enter the cells of the body and generate the bodys energy (Ebony, 115). Diabetes is a disease that affects approximately 3% of the world population. In American alone, 10.3 million people report having diabetes, while an estimated 10 million more individuals may have undiagnosed diabetes (Morwessel, 540). The gene for diabetes is locatedRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Disease Affecting Multi Organ System1190 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes mellitus or DM is a disease affecting multi-organ systems due to the abnormal insulin production, improper insulin usage or even both. It is a very serious health problem throughout the world effecting thousands of people.A survey conducted in United States showed that almost 6.2% of the population suffers from this disease. It is a matter of great issue that almost one -third of the population is unawa re of the disease. Incidence Diabetes is actually the fifth leading cause of deathsRead MorePathophysiology Of Type II Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus1575 Words   |  7 PagesPathophysiology of Type II Non-Insulin Dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM): Type II Non-insulin dependent diabetes is the most common. It often occurs in older adults, patients who are overweight, and patient with metabolic disorders. It can happen at any age though. The tissues in the body have built some resistance to insulin. The insulin levels in these patients can vary from low to high and can also be normal. You might be at risk of developing Non-insulin dependent diabetes if you have a familyRead MoreInsulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ( Niddm )1502 Words   |  7 Pages Since Type I is insulin dependent, the treatment for this specific type is insulin injections when the blood sugar levels in the blood have risen higher than normal. Insulin cannot be taken orally due to the fact that it will be destroyed by the digestive enzymes. Injections through the skin with a syringe or the use of an infusion pump have been shown to be the most effective in administering insulin into the body. The treatment plan for type I will be insulin, along with a healthy diet and exerciseRead MoreType II Diabetes: Symptoms and Treatment Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesType II diabetes, or also commonly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes, is a condition that affects the body’s main source of energy, called glucose which is the sugar used in cellular respiration to produce ATP for the body to function. This type of diabetes affects the way the body metabolizes this energy source. It affects both men and women, mostly adults, but with the increase of childhood ob esity in the past years, the probability of obese children getting the condition is also on the riseRead MoreType Ii Diabetes Mellitus. â€Å"In 2010, An Estimated 25.81470 Words   |  6 PagesType II Diabetes Mellitus â€Å"In 2010, an estimated 25.8 million people in the United States had diabetes mellitus, of which approximately 1 million have type 1 diabetes and most of the rest have type 2 diabetes † (Papadakis et al., 2014) That means that in 2010 about 24.8 million people suffered from type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees or peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia (Porter, Kaplan, 2011). Type II diabetes has become moreRead MoreA Short Note On Diabetes Mellitus Type II1041 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: The disease I chose to write on research paper is Diabetes Mellitus Type II. Diabetes is one of the major chronic diseases caused by the insulin resistance that body generates within. It is a serious public health issue currently. There are different types of diabetes we encounter nowadays, but the three main types are Type I, Type II and gestational diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus,2005-2016). The type II diabetes is a non-controlled disease and it is the most common and also known as

Management Information Systems In Improving Business Communications

Questions: 1. What is systems thinking and how can management information systems enable and (possibly) improve business communications?2. Define Globalization 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0. What kind of business data did business managers collect and use for each?3. Why are competitive advantages temporary?4. What are Porters three generic strategies and how can a company add value by using Porters chain analysis?5. Define and Porters Five Forces model and explain each of the forces. Then, create a Porters Five Force analysis for one of the following products: desktop computer, telephone, or walkman.6. Imagine your new CEO wants to reorganize the AAA Management Company so it is more efficient and effective. Look at the model below and analyze the CEOs reorganization plan. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the structure he proposed, and then reorganize the structure so it provides optimal benefits to operations of the company. AAA Management's New Organizational Structure CIO CEO CTO CPO Vice Presidents CSO CKO Managers Analysts Answers: 1. Systems thinking and role of management information systems in improving business communications System thinking is considered as the holistic approach in analysis that focuses over the ways, which is constituent of the system to interrelate and how these systems actually work over the period of time and in the context of huge system. MIS study the technology, people, companies and relationships (Baltzan Phillips, 2009). It supports the companies in realizing the maximum advantages from the investment in the business process, personnel, and equipment. MIS also help in every operational level for collecting, processing and storing the data, and also help in managing the needs of customers and staff. 2. Globalization 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 and business data collected by business managers in using it Globalization 1.0 started in 1492 and ended in 1800. In this era, firms were dominated by white man, such as countries and governments. Sample data of this era was related to politicians, and business owners demand about the products of specific area. Globalization 2.0 started in 1800 and ended in 2000, and this era was about multinational firms. Data of this era includes product demand, raw material, and demand of labor in the product manufacturing. Globalization 3.0 started in 2000 and is lasting today. This era is of internet, and we are part of this era, which focuses on international economy, customers service and systems for gathering data about global customers needs (Baltzan Phillips, 2009). 3. Why competitive advantages is temporary Accumulating the money wouldnt lead to changes, as there are many things upside down, therefore, innovation need to be done for the future competitive advantage to last for the company. Its true that change is pervasive, and partners often get competitive. Its true that sustainable competitive advantage is a myth and its no longer about positioning (Baltzan Phillips, 2009). 4. Porters three generic strategies and how a company can add value by using Porters chain analysis Porters generic strategies explain how the firms could pursue with the competitive advantage in the market, and it includes focus, lower cost, and differentiation. Companies select two types of competitive advantage such as low cost than the market competitors and the next is differentiation of dimensional value by the customers for commanding the increased cost (Blythe, 2012). Generic strategy can add value to the services and products of the form, and in order to do so, its important that every activity should be run at the organizations optimum level, if the company wants to lead in competitive advantage. 5. Porters Five Forces model and its analysis for desktop Porters five forces model has five competitive forces that could help in shaping the industry and in analyzing its strength and weakness. These are: Industrial competition, Potential of new entrants in the industry, suppliers power, customers power, and threat of substitute products (Blythe, 2012). Desktop Computer Power of buyers- Buyers purchasing power is high, as all manufactures of PC provide desktop lie to customers. Its power in starting is slow and got reduced as manufacturers started stressing over sale of tablets and laptops. Power of suppliers- Power of supplier is low, as many people that shop for desktop and move towards laptops that are much cheaper (Blythe, 2012). Substitute products threat- The threat of the substitute products is high. Its noted that laptop computers try to dominate the market and providers customers with ability to their PC through wireless internet. New entrants threat- Its relatively low and it is viewed that era of desktop has passed towards the wireless era. Rivalry- Rivals still exist, as many manufacturers of PC provide desktop solutions to their customers (Blythe, 2012). Look at the model below and analyze the CEOs reorganization plan. Explain advantages and disadvantages of the structure, and reorganize the structure so it provides optimal benefits to operations of the company. AAA Management's New Organizational Structure CIO CEO CTO CPO Vice Presidents CSO CKO Managers Analysts Being the new CEO of AAA management company, I would like to bring changes in the organizational structure so that all the functions could be preceded in proper way in the company. Instead of CIO, CEO should be on top of the hierarchy, as they are the one who report to board of members. CEO creates, implement, and communicate the vision and mission of the company. Next position is of CIO, who will look after internal information system. Next position is of CTO, who will look after research and development. Then comes the post of CPO, proceed by Vice president, whose position is similar to COO (chief operating officer), then comes CSO, CKO, managers and analysts. This structure could be reorganize by keeping top level managers in the bureaucratic structure of organization that exercise the high deal of control on the strategies of the company. It could even deal over the command of business owner. Its disadvantage is that it might discourage the innovation and creativity in the compan y. References Baltzan, P., Phillips, A. (2009). In Essentials of Business Driver Information Systems. McGraw-Hill Education. Blythe, J. (2012). Essentials of Marketing. Pearson Education, Limited. Brown, S., Bessant, J., Lamming, R. (2013). Strategic Operations Management. USA: Routledge